Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viral infections, which can lead to genital skin lesions and, in certain cases, cancers such as cervical cancer. There are various types of this virus, categorized into low-risk and high-risk groups. Low-risk types typically cause genital skin lesions, while high-risk types can induce abnormal cellular changes, potentially leading to cancer. One of the most precise and sensitive methods for HPV detection is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. This method amplifies small amounts of HPV DNA in laboratory samples, enabling accurate identification and classification of the virus. The advantages of PCR include high accuracy, exceptional sensitivity, and rapid detection. PCR is particularly crucial in detecting early cellular changes caused by HPV, aiding in the prevention of its progression to cancer. The PCR technique requires advanced laboratory equipment and skilled professionals to perform the analysis. However, recent advancements in portable devices and automated PCR systems have enhanced accessibility, allowing for faster and more convenient diagnosis. These innovations play a crucial role in the prevention and management of HPV infections, ultimately reducing associated health risks.
In this project, an automated detection of HPV DNA using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method is achieved through a centrifugal microfluidic system. This system consists of two main components: a microfluidic disc (a disc approximately 13 cm in diameter, featuring a microfluidic network for sample manipulation, reagent distribution, and PCR processing) and a disc player device (a compact, lightweight, and portable device that enables the required rotational and thermal protocols for the PCR process). To perform the test, a specified patient sample is injected into the microfluidic disc, which is then placed into the disc player device. By executing the pre-programmed protocols, the system automatically detects HPV DNA. This technology is expected to streamline HPV screening, contribute to the prevention of cervical cancer, and enhance access to diagnostic testing across various regions.